India – National Planning Commission Studies Support for Girl Child
Author: Womens UN Report Network
Date: February 13, 2012
WUNRN
Women’s Feature Service
INDIA – NATIONAL PLANNING COMMISSION
STUDIES SUPPORT FOR THE GIRL CHILD
By Syeda
Hameed – Member, Planning Commission,
Government of India
Kashmir (Women’s
Feature Service) – We were in Kashmir as part of a
nationwide programme of the Planning Commission of India to find ways to end
the drastic decline of the child sex ratio. The 2011 Census had already
highlighted that the downward trend is visible in most of India,
both urban and rural. This surprisingly included Kashmir,
not known to be hostile to daughters.
As we visited
different areas in the state, we stopped at a village in Budgam district to
speak to a group of young ASHAs (Accredited Social Health Activists) about what
can be done to reverse this trend. These bright village girls, dressed in their
uniforms, with blue ‘dupattas’ (long stole) covering their heads, spoke in one
voice: ‘Honour the girl child from the moment she is born.’
This, of course, is
easier said than done, given that honour is hardly in evidence in most families
when daughters are born. In May 2010, Prime Minister Manmohan Singh had
entrusted the Planning Commission with two tasks related to children. The first
was to restructure the country’s Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS);
the second was to devise policies to allow the girl child – once she is born –
to live.
The second task was
related directly to the concern of the declining child sex ratio. The girl
child, after she is born, becomes a victim of gross nutritional and health
neglect. Consequently, more female children than male children succumb to
childhood illness and this impacts the Child Sex Ratio (CSR) directly. There
are two measures here we need to take note of: Sex ratio at birth pertains to
the number of girls born per 1000 male children; while CSR relates to the
number of girl children per thousand males between the ages of 0-6 years. It is
the latter figure that the latest census has revealed. No figures have been
released so far on the sex ratio at birth.
The Planning
Commission began its work on the issue by convening a multi-sectoral meeting in
Delhi to brainstorm on the declining
CSR. It had to be multi-sectoral because the girl child is everybody’s concern.
Her survival is not just the responsibility of the ministries of Health and
Women & Child, but also other line ministries like that of Rural
Development, Education, Information and Broadcasting, Science and Technology,
and Panchayati Raj. In fact, no sector can be exempted from responsibility for
the girl child. The multi-sectoral action we had adopted to restructure the
ICDS became the model for addressing CSR as well. The meeting was interesting,
because it revealed the general anxiety and even emotion with which senior
bureaucrats, representing different sectors of the government, searched for
ways in which they could actually contribute to giving girls in India a happy
and healthy childhood.
The ground was thus
prepared for action in the field. For me, it seemed logical to begin with Kashmir,
partly because of geography if one were to start with the northern most state
in the country; and partly sentimental. I am one of four girls in my family who
was born in Kashmir. Not only was my birth, back in the
1940s, celebrated, it was in Kashmir that I was
nourished, and prepared for life.
After the Kashmir visit, the Planning Commission plans to work its way downwards, pausing
especially in those states and districts that have shown a poor profile
vis-à-vis declining sex ratios. Along with CSR, we will study the issue of sex
ratio at birth as we search for ways to do more to address the negative trend,
an issue that has been a recurring theme in Professor Amartya Sen’s work for
the last 30 years. It was he who had first talked about the “missing women” in India
and all of South Asia.
Since 2002, India
has had the Pre-conception and Pre-natal Diagnostic Techniques (PCPNDT) Act,
which criminalises sex determination and the use of ultrasound machines for
this purpose. The Act has not made a dramatic impact, largely because of weak
enforcement. Across the country, there have been minimal convictions. While most
states have fulfilled the formal requirements of the law, the enforcement
machinery continues to be weak. Innovations, such as the ‘Kolhapur Experiment’
that places a monitor in the ultrasound machine to track the pregnancy, have
proved useful. But technological approaches won’t help unless the misuse is
properly tracked and punished. Those who deliver diagnostic services believe
they are performing a useful function by identifying pre-birth abnormalities
and they sometimes complain they are being unduly victimised. But the fact
remains that sonography machines mounted on vans are being freely deployed even
in interior areas, to cater to the trend of families wanting to be rid of
female foetuses. This heinous abuse needs to be immediately identified and strictly
punished in a time bound manner.
One is conscious, of
course, that punishing this crime is only going to get more difficult with each
passing day. Today, one can send a blood sample to clinics abroad with the help
of the Internet and a credit card – no need for ultrasound machines! On the
net, I found a site that advertised a special kit for $25. A drop of blood from
the expectant mothers can reveal foetal gender after seven weeks of pregnancy.
The kit guarantees 95 per cent accuracy, or a complete refund of the money
spent. The advertisement had a toll free California
number. Cyberspace is being used to create a world empty of women, it seems.
We also need to make
sure that, once a girl is born, there are ways to ensure that she receives both
care and love from the moment of her birth. It is in this respect that
important suggestions to the Planning Commission came from experts and medical
practitioners. They pertained to the state providing incentives to mothers as well
as frontline care givers like ASHAs, anganwadi workers and auxiliary nurse
midwives. Panchayats could adopt girl children and celebrate their birth and
birthdays in the same manner as they would that of male children. Messages
welcoming the girl child could be put out through the local media – the
community radio, TV channels, local cultural performances or street theatre.
And given our love for Bollywood, perhaps top stars could be asked to “adopt”
the girls and celebrate their lives before the whole world.
There is powerful
symbolism in the fact that three women – Ellen Johnson Sirleaf, Leymah Gbowee
and Tawakkul Karman – jointly won the Nobel Peace Prize this year. If they had
not been allowed to be born, if they had not been nurtured into productive
adulthood, imagine what the world community would have lost.
In 2000 I wrote my
report, ‘Voice of the Voiceless: Status of Muslim Women in India’.
I was looking for an appropriate epigraph for it and approached the famous
writer, Qurratulain Hyder, for help. After I told her about my experiences of
meeting women in many Muslim neighbourhoods all over India and the stories they
had recounted about their multiple deprivations, Hyder suggested a popular folk
song sung in the villages of Uttar Pradesh: ‘O re vidhata, binti karoon padoon
paiyan baram bar/ Agle janan mohe bitiya na keejo, chahe narak mein deejo daar
(O my creator I plead before you, implore you time and again/ Next incarnation
don’t make me a girl child, in hell instead let me wane).
Today, I want that
song to end. Instead we need a song that celebrates our daughters, even as
convergent action taken across the public and private spheres, within
governments and within civil society, ensures that not only are our girl children
allowed to be born, but go on to lead productive and self-fulfilling lives.
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