UN Security Council Resolution 1325 – Costing & Financing
Author: Womens UN Report Network
Date: May 23, 2011
WUNRN
Global Network of Women
Peacebuilders
Costing and Financing on Gender, Equality and
Peace:
Missing Link in the Women and Peace and Security Agenda
Ten years after the adoption of the
groundbreaking UN Security Council Resolution 1325 on Women, Peace and
Security, the needed funding for its full implementation is still uncertain.
Government officials, UN representatives, civil society organizations and private
sector representatives discussed the current trends and challenges in investing
in women, peace and security issues in a recent meeting held at the UN
headquarters in New York, on October 27th.
The lack of funding was the focus of the
presentation of the study “Costing and Financing 1325: Examining the Resources Needed to Implement Women, Peace and Security
Resolutions at the National Level,” jointly commissioned by the Dutch non-governmental
organization Cordaid and the Global Network of Women Peace builders (GNWP),
during the commemoration of the 10th Anniversary of Resolution 1325 in New York
at the end of October.
The study analyses the resources available
and needed to implement the resolution, and also examines the complicated
funding landscape for women and peace and security programs.It presents
recommendations on how to make resource allocation efficient and effective.
Reflecting on the relevance of the study to
their situations, NGO representatives from war-affected countries like Sierra
Leone, Sudan and the Philippines attended the presentation, which was
co-sponsored by the Permanent Mission of the Netherlands to the United Nations
and the UN International Research and Training Institute for the Advancement of
Women – UN INSTRAW (now part of UN Women).
As UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon has recently stated,
the corporate sector can play an important role in eliminating violence against
women. Sara Lulo, executive director of the
Avon Global Center for Women and Justice at Cornell Law School explained that,
“Avon goes well beyond its business mission of providing economic
opportunity to women in over 100 countries by giving them the ability to start
their own businesses. Through philanthropic initiatives, Avon also has raised
and donated more than $30 million for global programs working to end violence
against women.” Ms. Lulo emphasized that, “it is
important for stakeholders to understand not only the links between economic
empowerment and violence against women, but also how violence against women
plays out in post-conflict environments specifically – which has been a focus
of several initiatives of the Avon Global Center at Cornell Law
School.”
All of the participants emphasized the need
for improved coordination among different actors involved in implementing
resolution 1325. “This study is the missing link in the chain of knowledge
needed to build and improve upon the different methods of costing – and bring
it into the context of 1325,” Yassine Fall, INSTRAW Executive Director
stated. She noted with approval that the study looks at capacity as a
multi-facetted process, in which women advocates play a crucial role even if
they are not all technical experts. She also stressed the need for women’s
advocates to participate in donor meetings and articulate what they need to
make their crucial contributions to implementation.
Nicola Popovic presented the research
findings and the following key recommendations:
- Transparency in funding processes, local ownership and
mutually beneficial relationships between donor and recipient
organizations are essential. - Better collaboration among
different actors and improved coordination of activities are paramount. - Partnership with the private
sector must be explored. Private sector can be an important partner in
advancing the women and peace and security agenda. A comprehensive
corporate social responsibility framework on women and peace and security
is needed. - Increase financial efficiency
through more open and direct dialogue between donors and recipients. - Review military and other
government budgets and identify windows upon which 1325 implementation
could be funded. Gender budgeting across government ministries must also
be explored. - Recognize and enhance civil
society’s capacity to generate and manage financial resources dedicated to
1325 implementation. - Conduct a comprehensive and
accurate assessment of needs and resources required to fully implement
1325; and plan and mobilize resources accordingly. - Allocate adequate resources for
independent monitoring and evaluation of 1325 implementation and
other women, peace and security initiatives.
Dr. Nana Pratt, representative of National
Organization of Women and the Mano River Women’s
Peace Network
in Sierra Leone, emphasized that, “in situations of post conflict,
there are many competing priorities. Special attention has to be paid not only
to financing the development of a national action plan but also to funding for
its implementation.” “We need to tap both internal and external sources
and look at innovative sources including private enterprises,” she
elaborated. Jasmin Nario-Galace, Associate Director
of the Centre for Peace Education in the Philippines, informed the audience that
one of the sources of funding for the implementation of the 1325 national
action plan is the Gender and Development (GAD) budget. The GAD budget is the
Philippine government’s policy that requires all government agencies at all
levels to allocate 5 % of their total budget to gender mainstreaming.
Maresa Oosterman, First
Secretary for Economic and Social Affairs Section of the Permanent Mission of
the Netherlands noted that, “the study presents a distinctly new approach
to the theme of implementation through the emphasis on costing, monitoring and
evaluation – all powerful tools towards successful implementation. Making 1325
part of national budget discussions puts it at the heart of the policy agenda.
Links become more clear. For example how economic security and empowerment are
essential to make women less vulnerable. The private sector’s interest in
stability and the possibility of having them as partner in implementing 1325 is
also a critical component of these discussions.”
CORDAID and GNWP, expressed
their commitment to pursue the discussions on the issue of costing and
financing Women and Peace and Security initiatives. The two organizations are
now exploring a pilot project that will implement the recommendations of the
study.
_____________________________________________________________________
Global Network of Women
Peacebuilders – GNWP
COSTING & FINANCING
IMPLEMENTATION OF UN SC RESOLUTION 1325
Study on “Costing and Financing
1325”
A study commissioned by Cordaid
and GNWP
Consultant:
Nicola Popovic
Timeframe:
January-June 2010
Full Costing and Finanacing
1325 study
Findings and
recommendations: Executive summary
Please
note that the study is undergoing a revision. Please check back for an updated
version.
Background
The need to
allocate sufficient resources for implementation of UNSCR 1325 has been
emphasized by women’s groups, UN entities and other women, peace and security
advocates since the adoption of the resolution in 2000. The UN Secretary General’s
2007 report on women peace and security stressed that “[A]dequate and
predictable funding is crucial for efficient and sustainable implementation of
the resolution.” The UN SG’s succeeding reports also called on governments,
civil society, the private sector and other stakeholders to “work to increase
human and financial resources for mainstreaming a gender perspective in peace
and security processes.” At the meeting “Increasing Momentum for UNSCR 1325
National Action Plans” organized by Realizing Rights and the Initiative for
Inclusive Security, on April 24, 2009 in New York, it was recommended that
funding including from Official Development Assistance and other sources should
be an integral part of 1325 plans.
Recent
discussions, such as the EU meeting on the implementation of UNSCR 1325
National Action Plans held in Brussels October 2, 2009, also stressed the need
for statistics on women’s participation in peace negotiations as well as on
post-conflict funding addressing women’s needs.
Rationale
The 10th
anniversary of UNSCR 1325 presents a great opportunity to examine the issue of
financing and resource allocation for the implementation of UNSCR 1325 and its
supporting resolutions. It is an opportunity to lobby the donor community to
allocate resources and enable United Nations Member States, particularly in the
Global South, as well as civil society and multilateral agencies such as the
United Nations and other stakeholders to fully implement UNSCR 1325. The 10th
anniversary is also an occasion to call on Global South governments to allocate
resources for 1325 implementation from their own national budgets. The
inclusion of the cost of 1325 implementation in national budgets will guarantee
integration in national development strategies and ownership of the resolution
and its implementation mechanisms at the country level.
The
allocation of financial resources should be one of the indicators and bench
marks that various governments, the UN, civil society and other stakeholders
should use to gauge implementation. This civil-society-led study will
complement the UN Inter-Agency Task Force on Women, Peace and Security’s 2010
Agenda for Action where one of the three major challenge areas is the
“Increased Resources for Women, Peace and Security.”
Objectives
and deliverables
- To
analyze the cost of implementing UNSCR 1325 in financial terms and develop
an issue paper on this subject - To
organize a discussion on costing and financing as one of the indicators
and benchmarks in 1325 monitoring
Research
methodology, scope and relevant issues
The
following describes the research methodology, scope and issues relevant for the
content of the proposed issue paper analyzing financial requirements, needs and
modalities implementing women peace and security issues. The study will
estimate the resources needed for the full implementation of UNSCR 1325, in
order to develop quantitative and comparable indicators for analyzing the
resources dedicated to women, peace and security issues. In relation to this
study, globally applicable indicators will be drafted through the Global
Network of Women Peacebuilders (GNWP) and validated through its member
organizations.
UNSCRs 1325,
1820, 1888 and 1889 outline the thematic as well as the normative scope of this
study in relation to other related provisions such as the Convention on the
Elimination of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW) as well as the Millennium
Development Goals in relation to international development assistance
provisions such as the Paris Declaration on Aid Effectiveness, the Accra Agenda
for Action and the Monterrey Consensus.
The study
will contain various case studies to demonstrate different funding and
implementation strategies in different country contexts and levels. Suggested
case studies are Colombia, the Philippines, Liberia, Sierra Leone and the
Netherlands which shall demonstrate the different strategies to allocate
resources for different implementation strategies on UNSCR 1325 and related
provisions. These case studies also help to identify different types of
resources needed for the full and comprehensive implementation of UNSCR 1325.
Furthermore,
this study shall suggest –as concretely as possible- the sources and funding
needed to implement UNSCR 1325 and other women, peace and security provisions
in a sustainable, inclusive, participatory and comprehensive manner. Instead of
providing specific numbers this study will only be able to provide estimates
based on the analyzed case studies and publically available information on
funding women, peace and security initiatives.
This study
will also look into the various modalities of resource allocation for 1325
implementation such as external funding from Official Development Assistance or
funding from international non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and
development organizations. It will also examine how certain implementation
strategies such as twinning or cross-learning as in the case of Ireland and
Liberia have impacted or could potentially impact funding for 1325
implementation.
1.
Methodology of research:
- Desk
and literature review - Analysis
of existing normative framework - Revision
of publically accessible national action plans and international reports - Consultation
with the Global Network Women Peace Builders (GNWP) on existing and
needed sources for the implementation of women, peace and security
issues at the local level. - Interviews
with individual stakeholders (such as governmental staff working on women,
peace and security action planning as well as international organizations)
regarding resource allocation for women, peace and security implementation
strategies.
2.
Limitations of this research:
- Cost
on implementation strategies –as well as their content and scope- highly
depend on the specific country or institutional context the implementation
takes place in. Numbers and implementation strategies will differ from
context to context and generic assumptions will be difficult to conclude. - Concrete
numbers on security or development aid spending are considered sensitive
information and are generally not accessible for the public or outsiders.
Nonetheless, it will be tried to gain this data through interviews. - The
suggested time frame of the study is between December 2009 and end of June
2010, is quite limited given its scope.
3. Suggested
structure of the issue paper
Introduction
- Outline
dimensions and scope of 1325 and related women, peace and security
provisions - Overview
of different implementation strategies
- National action plans and alternative implementation
mechanisms (Colombia, the Philippines, Liberia, Sierra Leone and the
Netherlands). - Global versus national implementation strategies
- Mainstreaming versus targeted interventions (“adding
‘women’ is not enough”)
Normative
Framework
- Resolutions
1325, 1829, 1888, and 1889 - CEDAW
- Millennium
Development Goal 3: Gender Equality - Interlinking
these obligations with ‘Official Development Assistance’ provisions: such
as the Paris Declaration, Accra Agreement and Monterrey Consensus
Financing
Women, Peace and Security
- Unleashing
different funding sources and actors (donor country versus recipient
country) - National
gender budgeting - Gendered
security budget - Ministerial
contributions and collaborations (mainstreaming and action planning) - International
development aid and funding - Security
dimension in gender and development budget (ODA) - International
Missions and organizations working in (post-) conflict contexts - Tracking
funds for local civil society projects - Bi-lateral
collaboration on women, peace and security issues (“Twinning”)
Case
Studies: Colombia, Sierra Leone, the Philippines, the Netherlands
Calculating
the Costs on Women, Peace and Security Implementation
Source box: How to calculate the cost for a 1325 action plan (with concrete
example from different contexts after each activity)
- Awareness
raising campaigns - Data
collection and management (dissemination) - Capacity
building - Collaboration
and coordination - Additional
sources (technology, human resources, infra-structure and facilities) - Monitoring
and evaluation (internal/ external)
Case Study:
Liberia –including the Twinning strategy with Ireland and how that has impacted
financing for implementation
- The
cost and funding of an action planning process - External
funding - Global
Colloquium as a fundraising strategy - Internal
political will and accountability - Twinning
and how it has impacted or can potentially impact financing for
implementation (This is where we will dedicate a section on the twinning
between Kenya and Finland.)
Conclusion
- Need
for increased funding and strategic spending - Collaboration
and coordination mechanisms
- Inside the government
- Between donors (twinning)
- With Civil Society Organizations (CSOs) and
international actors - Internationally
- Including new actors (private sector)
- Need
for monitoring and impact evaluation of these funds
Categories: Releases
