Nepal – Protecting Women Farmers’ Rights

 

NEPAL – Protecting The Rights Of Women Farmers

By Kamala
Sarup

International Women’s Day (March 8) is an occasion for women from all ethnic,
linguistic, cultural, economic and political arena to forget their differences
and join hands for common cause.

Nepali women are confronting poverty, violence, racism and sexism since long.
Due to various constraints women in general and rural women in particular have
not been able to build their capacities. The lives of women farmers in remote
villages typify the extent of poverty that Nepalis are bound to face. They are
struggling for survival. Their voice is not recognized. They are still
inadequately represented in political, economic, and social structures of the
nation. This is because income distribution is very unequal as a result of weak
policy. Economic empowerment of women farmers is critical if Nepal is to meet
increasing demand for food grains.

Prosperous women farmers mean more employment. So women farmers must have a
right to be involved in all economic processes at all levels of decision-making.
When women lack title to land or housing they have to face problems like
homelessness, poverty and violence. Throughout the world women farmers play a
vital role in supporting their families.

According to FAO estimates, women produce more than 50 percent of the food
grown worldwide. This includes up to 80 percent of food produced by women in
African countries, 60 percent in Asia and between 30 and 40 percent in South
America. But still women are getting poorer. The percentage of women below the
poverty line has increased by 50 percent since the 1970s, while the comparable
figure for men increased only 30 percent.

A recent World Bank study found that if women received the same education as
men, farm yields could rise by as much as 22 percent. But women farmers have
access to only five percent of all agricultural extension services worldwide.
“Because of this gender bias, policy-makers have very little data or analytical
tools to measure the true social and economic value of women’s farm labour,”
said Marie Randriamamonjy, Chief of FAO’s Women in Development Service. “As a
result, rural women are ignored when national agricultural policies are
designed. One of the reasons for the decline in women’s access to resources is
that both land redistribution and subsidized agricultural inputs are in the
hands of men who see women as dependents rather than individuals,” she added.

As land is the primary source of income and employment in Nepal, Women
farmers need to have access to and control over land. The other problem that has
been existing for decades is the irrigation canal systems. There is practically
zero maintenance of such canals. On the other hand a few hand pumps are the only
source of water for majority of women in the southern plains.

Poverty is closely associated with the lack of opportunities or access to
facilities that improves knowledge and skills. It is very difficult for women
farmers to have access resources such as land, credit, agricultural inputs,
technology and other services. Lack of easy access to rural financing, poor
delivery system of modern agricultural technologies, poor quality of agriculture
inputs mainly fertilizer and lack of effective institution to facilitate
agricultural marketing are some of the major causes for the low competitiveness
of women farmers. On the other hand inadequate rural roads and insufficient
electrification are other bottlenecks that have resulted in the increase in the
cost of production of the Asian agro-products.

If Nepal increases women farmers’ participation in market management
genuinely poor women farmers would be able to sell their goods more effectively.
Policy makers need new tools to help diagnose gender issues in irrigation
schemes and design appropriate interventions. Trying to ensure all women
participating in farming get equal access to irrigation water, without regard to
the type or level of participation, is unrealistic and in the end fails to reach
even those women whose livelihoods depend on having equal access.

Better regulatory systems, underpinned by effective information and education
on crop protection methods, are essential. Women farmers need more aid. Women’s
involvement in growing cash crops may be one of the effective ways to increase
their income. The payment for cash crops is immediate as vegetables sell at a
premium.

However, not all women farmers have the land or the capacity to shift to cash
crops as it requires solid investment initially. Women’s access to cash crops
also help relieve women’s cash constraints.

The on-going internal war in Nepal has caused major economic disruption.
Women farmers have suffered a lot in terms of loss of means of production,
household assets and other investments. Peace is the first requisite to improve
the livelihood of women and their families in rural Nepal. A healthy and
enterprising women is not only an asset for her family, she is also a leading
light for her society and the entire country.

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