to be sent to
TAJIKISTAN: |
discrimination is a key factor and cause of poverty. Women are often denied
access to such
fundamental rights as education, employment, natural resources and financial
assets.
All of us, no
matter our occupation or country of origin need to promote gender equality and the
empowerment of women, as effective ways to combat poverty, hunger and disease
and to stimulate development that is truly sustainable. Gender discrimination is
holding back development as a whole.
UNDP has the
unique privilege of being at the very heart this battle. It works as a
partner
throughout the world with national and local authorities to integrate gender
concerns into all
aspects of the development process – from inception through implementation
and final evaluation. But, gender equality does not mean that women are only a
focus of development projects. That would be treating the symptom, not
addressing the root cause. Equality will only be achieved when gender
concerns become
an integral dimension of all programmes, plans and strategies. Substantive
equality will ensure sustainability of rights and opportunities for all
generations and
genuine participation by both sexes.
In order to lay
down a foundation for appropriate policies on gender-related issues,
there
must be agreement as to actual needs and priorities. Comprehensive analysis
of
all factors is required before effective advocacy can take place – hence this
report. It is
hoped that these findings will be provocative and encourage national
and
international discourse on various perspectives of gender equality in
Tajikistan.
TAJIKISTAN: ON THE WAY TO GENDER
EQUALITY
Table of
Contents
To All Who Helped,
With Thanks. 6
INTRODUCTION: Basic
Results of the Analysis………..
7
1. GENDER RELATIONS:
HISTORY, TRADITIONS AND MODERNITY
11
1.1
Cultural-Historical Background of The Status of Men and Women in Tajik
Society……… 12
1.2 Emancipation
Experience of the Soviet Period
16
1.3 The Modern Status
of Men and Women: Stereotypes and Reality
17
2. GENDER POLICY……. 21
2.1 International
Standards and Demands for Gender Policy
22
2.2 Gender Policy of
Tajikistan and the State Mechanisms to Achieve it……. 23
2.3 Inequality
between men and women in decision-making…… 26
2.4 Gender Expertise
of National Legislation ……
29
2.5 Budget: Gender
Aspect 32
3. ACCESS TO RESOURCES
AND POVERTY REDUCTION
34
3.1 National Poverty
Reduction Strategy and the Gender Aspect
35
3.2 Employment,
Unemployment and the creation of jobs for Men and Women……… 37
3.3 Access to
Economic and Natural Resources…….
39
4. SOCIAL CONSEQUENCES OF
TRANSITION 44
4.1 Gender Symmetry in
Education…….
45
4.2 Reproductive
Rights and Health 48
4.3 Violence against
Women……… 52
4.4 Problems of
Socio-psychological adaptation of the Women of Tajikistan.. 56
4.5 Women – Victims
of the Drugs Trade 58
5. CIVIL SOCIETY
DEVELOPMENT AND GENDER EQUALITY ACHIEVEMENT…………………
63
5.1 Role of Traditional
Society Institutions…….
64
5.2 Civil Initiatives by
Women’s NGOs 65
5.3 The Role of the
Mass Media in forming Public Opinion on Gender Equality Issues 69
5.4 Gender Research
and Educational Development.
71
5.5 The Objectives of
Gender Statistics………
73
6. CONCLUSION.
RECOMMENDATIONS ON INTRODUCING THE GENDER APPROACH INTO THE STRATEGY AND POLICY OF
NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT…….
76
Appendix….
81
Glossary of
terms……… 87
Bibliography.. 91
Abbreviations…… 96
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